contemporary world is ruled by chaos .* It's the first thing that strikes the eye with his observation. Authorities have scoffed at him, the tradition - or even eliminated rejected. The most basic institutions - religious, political or social - are subjected to attacks. Patterns carried by habit meets radicalism. Looking for ways to overthrow the survivors here and there still elements of the hierarchy. Any normative orders seem to become increasingly problematic, yet vociferously promoted the freedom of matching the standards of human groups and individuals, in all areas of life. Watching as the crucibles of modern societies, the boundaries, blurring the forms lose their hearing in principle, conservative observers and analysts often (and even more insistently, the stronger features of their traditionalism) ask themselves - and the world - a question - making a break before our very eyes order not to prove irretrievable, and unbridled of all possible directions of negation does not result in (lo) and finally to the state of public self-destruction, death, culture, followed by a regression to the primitive, and it's probably the only depopulation.
Although the authors of such gloomy forecasts show their support of accurate observations and persuasive arguments, their position has a major weakness. Namely, is based on the belief that the current situation is unprecedented anomy. This depressing effect has a large power of suggestion, but does not reflect the truth. Father positivist philosopher Auguste Comte (1798-1857), who - as rarely remember - on many important issues presented conservative views, he felt even the occurrence of similar situations for historical accuracy. In the history of the world stood he found alternately, and the era of era of the critical organic. Ages are aimed at the organic store inherited order. Differences (inequality), social considered them as a natural consequence of the necessary division of functions in society, and society itself - as an entity ponadjednostkowy, independent and superior to the "units". Critical era, however, are aimed at destroying zastanego order. Society believes in them for the amount of "units", the reality niesamoistną, not showing any features that would not make it reducible to the characteristics constituent "units". Overcoming the critical period leads to a new era of organic, recycled and improved from the previous - and thus made historical progress. The question arises whether the historical process does not take the shape of the reverse happens as seen by the Comte - did not progress and regress. Regression, in which the relative arrangement of each epoch (ice, organic) ends slump, entering a period of chaos (the critical period), after mastering the returns as such an arrangement (new age, organic), but now weaker and more fragile than before, destroyed by another, even worse catastrophe, and thereafter followed a period of even greater chaos (new critical era) - and yes, with each rotation of the wheel of time, mankind is sliding lower and lower, on an inclined plane on its own downfall.
Another view on this matter presented the conservative Polish writer and journalist Teodor Jeske-Choiński (1854-1920) in his study "On the turn of the century" (1896). Internal resolution, seen by him as an example of the European fin de sičcle, interpreted it as one of "transition periods", which in history Much has been passed. In the "era of transition" is challenged the legitimacy of the "chosen", ie before the ruling elite social or political. "The era of transition", by his standards in any doubt, lead to the emergence of "precywilizacji. "Precywilizacja" born in the historical moment when "Programat philosophical or scientific literature, consisting of denial, came to this stage of development, she broke the enlightened man (...) will." The new order evolves from "precywilizacji" following the return of people to believe in truth, in the sense of reality, and flowing from it will. Jeske-Choiński specifically anticipated so loud in the twentieth century English philosopher of history theory Arnold Toynbee (1889-1975), according to which every civilization develops palingenetycznie the disintegration of the previous civilizations, building up their inner harmony and glory of the ruins.
great philosopher Eric Voegelin traditionalist (1901-1985) in his monumental synthesis of "Order and History" (1956-1974) wrote that "the decline of the order of existence and restore that order are the fundamental experience of human existence, experience, from which man can not free himself, repeating over and over again throughout history. But is that making a periodic breakdown of governance is an increasingly lower fall of man, directing him to ruin, or natural to the world is normal and constant, what will be cyclically repeated until the end of time and followed by a renewal? In other words, whether the present era of decay (the critical period or "transitional period" in which we live) leads us only in the deeper darkness, and towards a new renaissance? To know that we can not - the answer to this question would require insight into the history of man, to which is capable only of you. The answer is not, however irrelevant to the practical attitude, which at that age should be gloomy. In both cases, this must be the attitude of seeking Deal's efforts to re-locate. Here, too, reveals a positive function, which - despite everything - somehow meet the age distribution. Man, this lame and stupid creature, he begins to appreciate just what they miss him - because of the time gnuśnieje order of the ages, accustomed to its existence as the obviousness of the behavior does not need to take care. Order to realize its value could then only chaos. How shortsighted are krytykanctwo and contestation in relation to that first demonstrated in only to find itself in a world where it is not. Every age breakdown inspired to actively look for Governance, awakens the desire to recall it - and in this one respect is a valuable experience.
Adam Danek
* Anticipating further comments, perhaps we should rather say that the modern world is not ruled by chaos and the forces of chaos.
0 comments:
Post a Comment